210Pb–226Ra–230Th systematics in very low sedimentation rate sediments from the Mendeleev Ridge (Arctic Ocean)1,2
نویسندگان
چکیده
U-series isotope behaviour in subsurface sediment of the Arctic Ocean is investigated based on high resolution measurements of natural radionuclides (210Pb, 226Ra, 230Th) and a few analyses of anthropogenic 137Cs in cores collected during the 2005 Healy-Oden Trans-Arctic Expedition (HOTRAX). Cores from the Mendeleev Ridge, representing distinct bathymetric settings, are analyzed in more detail as a means to assess the dating potential of such radionuclides at sites characterized by very low sedimentation rates (*3 mm ka–1). The sediment consists of variable proportions of fine-grained carbonates, clays, and ice-rafted debris and shows excesses in 210Pb (Pbxs) over parent 226Ra content, down to *1 cm below core top. This Pbxs distribution is due to shallow mixing by benthic organisms and (or) diffusion from the sediment–water interface, as also indicated by 137Cs activities. From *1 to 7 cm downcore, 210Pb activities closely follow 226Ra activities. Below 7 cm downcore, 226Ra activities are controlled by variable excesses in parent 230Th (Thxs) resulting from its scavenging in the overlying water column. 226Ra diffusion is observed towards the water column occuring from the upper *7 cm of sediment below the seafloor (with a flux of *0.043 disintegrations per minute (dpm) cm–2 a–1) and deeper in the sediment below Thxs peaks but with lesser fluxes. Both cores show identical 210Pb profiles despite their 1 km bathymetric difference. This suggests negligible 230Th and 210Pb scavenging below water depths of *1.6 km, i.e., the bathymetry of the shallower core. In such settings where sedimentation rates are very low and vertical particle rain is the major sediment source, estimates of the actual Pbxs require precise knowledge of the 226Ra-supported fraction, which is controlled by Thxs, Ra diffusion, and thus sedimentation rates and porosity. Résumé : Le comportement des isotopes des séries de l’uranium dans les sédiments de sub-surface de l’océan Arctique est étudié en se basant sur des mesures à haute résolution de radionucléides naturels (210Pb, 226Ra, 230Th) et de quelques analyses de 137Cs anthropique dans des carottes prélevées durant l’expédition HOTRAX « Healy-Oden Trans-Arctic Expedition ». Deux carottes de la ride Mendeleev, représentant deux environnements bathymétriques distincts, sont analysées plus en détail afin d’évaluer le potentiel de datation de tels radionucléides à des sites caractérisés par de très faibles taux de sédimentation (*3 mm ka–1). Les sédiments comprennent des proportions variables de carbonates à grain fin, d’argiles et de débris transportés par les glaces, et ils montrent des excédents de 210Pb (Pbxs), par rapport au contenu parent de 226Ra, jusqu’à *1 cm sous le sommet de la carotte. Cette distribution du Pbxs est due au mélange, à faible profondeur, par des organismes benthiques et (ou) la diffusion à partir de l’interface sédiment–eau; la profondeur du mélange est aussi indiquée par les activités de 137Cs. De *1 à 7 cm du haut de la carotte, les activités 210Pb suivent de près les activités du 226Ra. Plus bas dans la carotte, les activités du 226Ra sont contrôlées par des excès variables du 230Th (Thxs) parent, qui découle de son piégeage dans la colonne d’eau sus-jacente. La diffusion du 226Ra vers la colonne d’eau est observée dans les *7 cm supérieurs de sédiments sous le plancher océanique (avec un flux d’environ 0,043 dpm cm–2 an–1) et plus profondément dans les sédiments au niveau des pics de Thxs, mais avec des flux moindres. Les deux carottes montrent des profils de 210Pb identiques malgré leur différence bathymétrique d’un (1) km. Cela suggère un scavenging négligeable du 230Th et du 210Pb à des profondeurs d’eau inférieures à *1,6 km, soit la bathymétrie de la carotte la moins profonde. Dans de tels milieux où les taux de sédimentation sont très faibles et que la pluie verticale de particules constitue la principale source de sédiments, les estimations du Pbxs réel exigent Received 9 April 2008. Accepted 11 September 2008. Published on the NRC Research Press Web site at cjes.nrc.ca on 10 December 2008. Paper handled by Associate Editor P. Hollings. C. Not, C. Hillaire-Marcel,3 and B. Ghaleb. GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada. L. Polyak. Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. D. Darby. Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4600 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. 1This article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme Polar Climate Stability Network. 2GEOTOP Publication 2008-0031. 3Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]). 1207 Can. J. Earth Sci. 45: 1207–1219 (2008) doi:10.1139/E08-047 # 2008 NRC Canada une connaissance précise de la fraction soutenue par le 226Ra, laquelle est contrôlée par le Thxs, la diffusion du Ra et donc par les taux de sédimentation et la porosité. [Traduit par la Rédaction] ______________________________________________________________________________________
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